Thoracic Vertebrae

The thoracic vertebrae (medically: Vertebrae thoracicae) are 13 vertebrae between the cervical and lumbar spine that form the ribcage and protect the heart and lungs.

Each thoracic vertebra has articular surfaces for the ribs, making this section of the spine less mobile than the neck or lumbar region but significantly more stable. In large dogs, the spinous processes are usually easily palpable; in smaller breeds, they lie deeper beneath the musculature.

Dachshunds and other chondrodystrophic breeds often have shortened thoracic vertebrae, which explains their characteristic appearance but also their increased risk of slipped discs.

How are the thoracic vertebrae structured?

Each thoracic vertebra consists of the load-bearing vertebral body and several processes. The spinous process points upwards and can be felt when palpating the dog’s back. The transverse processes form movable joints with the ribs.

The intervertebral discs between the thoracic vertebrae are thinner than those in the lumbar spine. This explains why slipped discs occur less frequently here, but when they do, they are often more severe.

In breeds with extremely short legs (Basset Hound, Corgi), the proportions of the thoracic vertebrae may be altered. This affects the distribution of load.

What functions do the thoracic vertebrae perform?

The primary function is protection: together with the ribs, they form a bony cage around the heart and lungs. This structure is robust enough to protect the organs even during collisions or falls.

The thoracic region transfers forces from the front body to the hindquarters. When jumping, these forces land here, which is why agility dogs sometimes develop problems in this area.

Breathing also depends on the thoracic vertebrae: the rib joints allow the expansion of the ribcage during inhalation.

What problems can occur?

Slipped discs in the thoracic region primarily affect Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, and Pekingese. Symptoms often develop within hours: the dog may suddenly be unable to walk or show severe pain when the back is touched.

Spondylosis, bone growths on the vertebrae, often arises from years of overloading. Large dogs used for sports are more frequently affected. The changes are visible on X-rays but do not always cause symptoms.

Fractures of the thoracic vertebrae are rare but serious. They usually result from traffic accidents or falls from great heights. Neurological deficits are possible.

How can I recognise problems with the thoracic vertebrae?

A dog with thoracic spine issues often avoids movements that stretch or bend the back. It may be reluctant to stand on its hind legs or no longer jump onto the sofa.

Typical is also the “prayer position” pain response: the dog stretches its front legs far forward and holds its rear end up. This relieves pressure on the thoracic spine.

In severe cases of slipped discs, the hind legs may become weaker or fail completely. This is an emergency.

How are problems diagnosed?

X-rays show bone changes, spondylosis, or fractures. For slipped discs, an MRI is usually required, which also shows soft tissues and the spinal cord.

The neurological examination checks reflexes and pain sensitivity in the hind legs. This helps assess whether the spinal cord is affected.

A CT scan may be necessary for complex fractures or prior to surgery.

What treatment options are available?

In mild cases, painkillers and strict crate rest for 6–8 weeks help. The dog should only go out on a lead; no jumping, no stairs.

Severe slipped discs often require surgery within 24–48 hours. The sooner the operation is performed, the better the chances of recovery.

Physiotherapy can help during aftercare. Underwater treadmills relieve pressure on the spine in this process.