Proof of Competence for Dogs: Obligations, Test and Costs in Germany

When do you need a proof of competence for your dog?

You need a proof of competence if you keep certain dog breeds or if your dog becomes conspicuous through its behaviour. In nine federal states, the obligation applies to so-called listed dogs. Some cities also require proof in case of biting incidents or if neighbours complain about your dog.

The proof of competence consists of a theoretical test, usually 30 to 40 questions, and a practical examination with your dog. You show that you can lead your dog safely and know the legal basics.

What does the dog driving licence really cost?

The examination fees range between 80 and 150 euros depending on the federal state. In Berlin you pay 128 euros, in Hamburg 120 euros. In addition, there are often preparatory courses for 60 to 120 euros, voluntary, but quite helpful for the practical examination.

Warning: Many providers advertise low prices but charge travel expenses or re-examinations separately. Ask for the total price in advance, including a possible retake.

How does the practical exam work?

You must show with your dog that you function as a team. Typical tasks include loose-leash walking, stop signal, and encounters with other dogs. The examiner observes whether you have your dog under control in critical situations.

The exam usually takes place at a dog training centre or in the city centre. Your dog should master at least the basic commands “sit”, “down” and “come”. A nervous dog can pass the exam; it only needs to respond reliably to your commands.

Which federal states require proof of competence?

Lower Saxony has the strictest rules: There you need a dog licence for all dogs from 40 cm height at the withers or 20 kg weight. Berlin and Hamburg require it for listed breeds and to be exempted from the leash requirement.

Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg do not have a general obligation. Authorities can, however, order proof of competence in individual cases, for example after complaints or incidents. Most other federal states regulate it similarly flexibly.

Which dog breeds are considered listed breeds?

American Staffordshire Terrier, Bull Terrier and Pitbull Terrier are on almost all lists. Depending on the federal state, Rottweiler, Doberman or Mastiff are added. The lists differ significantly; a dog can run freely in Bavaria and be required to wear a muzzle in Berlin.

In 2022, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was the first federal state to completely abolish the breed list. There, only the individual behaviour of the dog counts, not its lineage.

How do you prepare for the theoretical exam?

Most questions cover dog behaviour, learning theory and legal basics. You should know when a dog reacts dominantly or fearfully and how to respond to it. The local leash requirement and liability rules are also tested.

Online tests help with preparation but do not replace practical experience. Many questions aim to determine whether you can recognise and correctly interpret warning signals in dogs.

What happens if you fail the exam?

You can retake the exam, usually after a waiting period of four weeks. The retake costs the full fee again. In the practical exam, most candidates fail due to insufficient loose-leash walking or lack of basic obedience.

If your dog reacts stressed or fearful during the exam, stop and prepare it better. A poorly prepared dog also makes an experienced owner nervous.

Frequently asked questions about proof of competence

Do I have to take the proof of competence for each dog?

No, the proof of competence applies to you as a person, not to a specific dog. If you get a second dog, you do not have to retake the exam.

Is my proof of competence valid in other federal states?

Yes, a passed proof of competence is recognised nationwide. If you move, you do not have to take it again.

From what age can I take the exam?

You must be at least 16 years old. Your dog should be at least 12 months old and vaccinated.

Can I take the exam without a preparatory course?

Yes, preparatory courses are voluntary. If you have experience with dogs and know the basics of dog keeping, you can pass the exam without a course.

What do I do if my dog gets sick?

Cancel the exam date in good time. Most providers reschedule free of charge if you provide a medical certificate.