Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is an inflammation of small outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall. In dogs, it occurs significantly less frequently than in humans – but it does occur and can have serious consequences. Diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms hardly differ from other intestinal problems.

Diverticula form when parts of the intestinal wall evert outwards due to increased internal pressure. Normally, they cause no discomfort. If these small pouches become inflamed or become blocked with faeces, vets speak of diverticulitis.

What causes diverticulitis in dogs?

The exact triggers are not fully clarified even in veterinary medicine. Several factors can interact.

Constipation strains the intestinal wall

Hard faeces require more pressure for transport. This can contribute to the formation of diverticula. In already existing diverticula, faecal particles accumulate in the outpouchings and can trigger inflammation.

Fibre-poor nutrition

Fibre-poor food makes the faeces firmer and puts more strain on the intestinal muscles. However, whether this actually leads to more frequent formation of diverticula is less well studied in dogs than in humans.

Foreign bodies or infections

Small indigestible particles can block diverticula. Bacterial infections in the intestinal area additionally promote inflammation.

What symptoms do affected dogs show?

The signs are non-specific – which makes diagnosis so difficult. Typical symptoms include:

Abdominal pain manifests as sensitivity to touch. Your dog may react sensitively if you palpate its abdomen. It might assume a hunched posture or move less.

Loss of appetite often occurs early. Eating is refused or only accepted hesitantly. Nausea and occasional vomiting may also occur.

Changes in stool are common: diarrhoea alternates with constipation. The faeces can become mucoid or contain small traces of blood.

Fever develops with bacterial inflammation. You recognise it by warm ears, increased respiratory rate or general lethargy.

How does the vet diagnose diverticulitis?

The diagnosis is one of exclusion – other causes must be ruled out first.

The physical examination begins with palpating the abdomen. Pain reactions or palpable hardening provide initial clues. Temperature measurement reveals possible fever.

Blood tests show inflammatory markers. Elevated C-reactive protein or increased white blood cells indicate inflammation – but do not reveal the location.

Ultrasound can make thickened intestinal walls or fluid collections visible. X-rays with contrast medium show the intestinal structure in detail.

An endoscopy allows a direct view of the intestinal mucosa. In smaller dogs, this is technically difficult and requires general anaesthesia.

How is diverticulitis treated?

Treatment depends on the severity of the inflammation.

Drug therapy

Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually employed. Treatment often lasts 7–14 days.

Painkillers alleviate the discomfort. Only certain active ingredients are suitable, as some can additionally irritate the intestine.

Dietary adjustment

Bland diet relieves the intestine during the acute phase. Easily digestible food with moderate fibre content is optimal. Too much fibre can exacerbate the inflammation.

Surgical treatment

In severe cases or complications such as intestinal perforations, surgery is necessary. The affected sections of the intestine are removed.

What is the prognosis?

With timely treatment, the prognosis is usually good. Mild cases often heal completely. Severe courses with surgical interventions require longer aftercare.

Relapses are possible but not the norm. Adapted nutrition and regular check-ups reduce the risk.

Note: This information does not replace a veterinary diagnosis. If your dog has persistent intestinal problems or abdominal pain, you should always consult a vet.