Tracheitis

Tracheitis is an inflammation of the trachea in dogs, which usually manifests itself through a characteristic, dry cough.

The trachea connects the larynx and bronchi; inflammation there impedes airflow and irritates the sensitive mucous membrane. Unlike in humans, tracheitis in dogs is often mechanically caused: a collar that is too tight or strong pulling can trigger or exacerbate the symptoms.

What distinguishes tracheitis from other respiratory diseases?

The typical tracheitis cough sounds dry and harsh, as if the dog is trying to get something out of its throat. In contrast, with bronchitis, the cough is usually wetter. Pneumonia almost always occurs with fever, which is rare in pure tracheitis.

A simple test: gently press on the trachea below the larynx. With tracheitis, this immediately triggers coughing. Healthy dogs do not react to this or only minimally.

What causes lead to tracheal inflammation?

Mechanical irritation is the most common trigger. Dogs that pull on their collar often develop chronic tracheitis. Particularly affected: small breeds with sensitive tracheas such as Yorkshire Terriers or Chihuahuas.

Infectious kennel cough usually begins after contact with other dogs, in boarding facilities, on dog walks, or at the breeder. The incubation period is 2-10 days.

Environmental irritants such as cigarette smoke, perfume, or cleaning agents can trigger inflammation in sensitive dogs. Cold, dry winter air also irritates the respiratory tract.

Tracheal collapse – a weakness of the cartilage rings, leads to recurring inflammation. This mainly affects small, older dogs.

How do I recognise tracheitis requiring treatment?

Harmless coughing after pulling on the collar disappears within 1-2 days. It becomes concerning if the dog also coughs at rest or if the symptoms last longer than three days.

Go to the vet immediately for:

• Breathing difficulties or bluish mucous membranes
• Fever above 39.5°C
• Refusal of food and water
• Gagging with bloody foam

Vet within 24 hours for:

• Coughing that worsens overnight
• Rattling breathing sounds
• Unusual exhaustion

How is tracheitis diagnosed and treated?

The diagnosis is usually made by palpating the trachea and listening to the lungs. X-rays are only necessary if there is suspicion of foreign bodies or tracheal collapse.

In case of bacterial infection, antibiotics help, usually doxycycline or amoxicillin. Cough suppressants are only used when the cough prevents sleep or hinders healing.

Cortisone is controversial: it relieves inflammation quickly, but can be problematic with infections. Experienced vets use it specifically for allergic tracheitis.

What can I do myself?

Switch immediately from the collar to a harness, which relieves the trachea immediately. A well-fitting chest harness distributes the pull across the entire chest.

Inhalation with chamomile tea or salt water (1 tsp per 1 litre of hot water) soothes the irritated mucous membranes. Let the dog spend 5-10 minutes in the steaming bathroom.

Avoid excitement and exertion for 3–5 days. Short walks are allowed; wild play is not. The trachea needs rest to reduce swelling.

How long does healing take?

Mechanically induced tracheitis improves within 2–3 days if the cause is eliminated. Infectious kennel cough lasts 7–14 days, sometimes longer in puppies or old dogs.

Chronic tracheitis due to tracheal collapse is not curable but well treatable. Affected dogs often live symptom-free for years if overweight is avoided and the correct leading technique is used.